K-1 vs. CR-1: Which Spouse Visa is Right for You?

Compare fiancé and spouse visa options

If you’re a U.S. citizen planning to bring your partner to the United States, two popular options are the K-1 fiancé(e) visa and the CR-1 spousal visa. Both allow your loved one to enter the U.S., but they differ in process, timeline, cost, and benefits. Choosing the right one depends on your relationship status, goals, and how soon you want to be together.

In this guide, we’ll break down the key differences between the K-1 and CR-1 visas to help you make the best decision.

1. Relationship Status & Eligibility

• K-1 Visa: Designed for U.S. citizens who are engaged to a foreign national and plan to marry within 90 days of their arrival in the U.S.

• CR-1 Visa: Available only to couples who are already legally married. “CR” stands for “Conditional Resident” — typically issued if the marriage is less than 2 years old.

Bottom line: If you’re not yet married, the K-1 is your path. If you’re already married, the CR-1 is the only option.

2. Visa Process & Timeline

K-1 Fiancé Visa Process:

1. U.S. citizen files Form I-129F

2. USCIS processes petition (6–9 months on average)

3. Case sent to U.S. embassy for interview

4. Visa issued → Fiancé enters the U.S.

5. Couple must marry within 90 days

6. After marriage, file Form I-485 to adjust status to permanent resident

CR-1 Spouse Visa Process:

1. U.S. citizen files Form I-130

2. Petition processed by USCIS (7–10 months)

3. Case handled by National Visa Center and embassy

4. Visa issued → Spouse enters U.S. as permanent resident (green card in hand)

Bottom line: K-1 is faster to enter the U.S., but CR-1 leads directly to permanent residency.

3. Costs

K-1 Visa:

• I-129F petition: $535

• Visa application fee: ~$265

• Adjustment of status (I-485): $1,140 + $85 biometrics
  Total cost: ~$2,000+

CR-1 Visa:

• I-130 petition: $535

• Visa processing & medical: ~$445

• No need for adjustment of status after entry
  Total cost: ~$1,000–$1,500

Bottom line: CR-1 is generally cheaper overall, especially since it skips the adjustment of status process.

4. Work Authorization

• K-1: Must file separate application for work permit after marriage; delays common

• CR-1: Spouse enters the U.S. with a green card and can work immediately

Bottom line: CR-1 offers faster work eligibility and fewer paperwork delays.

5. Travel Flexibility

• K-1: Travel is restricted until adjustment of status is approved or advance parole is granted

• CR-1: Green card holders can travel internationally without special permission

Bottom line: CR-1 offers far more freedom to travel after entry.

6. Financial Requirements

Both visas require a U.S. sponsor to demonstrate the ability to support the immigrant financially, typically using the I-864 Affidavit of Support.

• K-1: Based on 100% of federal poverty guidelines

• CR-1: Based on 125% of federal poverty guidelines

Bottom line: K-1 has a slightly lower income threshold, but both require financial proof.

7. Children of the Immigrant

• K-1: Children may qualify for K-2 visas but must enter the U.S. before age 21 and before or with the parent

• CR-1: Children require a separate immigrant petition unless they qualify as stepchildren under U.S. immigration law

Bottom line: K-1 may offer a slightly easier path for children, depending on timing.

8. Emotional and Legal Considerations

• K-1 couples can be together in the U.S. sooner and plan their wedding stateside. However, they must handle adjustment of status paperwork after the wedding, which can add stress and cost.

• CR-1 couples must marry first and spend more time apart, but they enter the U.S. with fewer future hurdles.

Bottom line: If being together fast is the top priority, K-1 may be better. If you prefer fewer steps and cost savings, CR-1 may be ideal.

Final Thoughts: Which Is Right for You?

Choose K-1 if:

• You’re not yet married

• You want to get your partner to the U.S. faster

• You’re okay with more steps (adjustment of status, delayed work permit)

Choose CR-1 if:

• You’re already married or willing to marry abroad

• You want to save money on fees

• You want your spouse to arrive with work authorization and a green card

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer. Each case is unique based on your timeline, budget, and personal preferences. No matter which path you take, having accurate information and, in many cases, qualified legal support can make the process smoother.

📚 Sources:

1. USCIS – Visa Types & Processing Times

2. Boundless Immigration – K-1 vs. CR-1 Visa Comparison

3. VisaJourney – User-Reported Timelines and Cost Data

4. RapidVisa – Immigration Cost and Steps Breakdown

5. U.S. Department of State – Visa Categories and Interview Process